Posted: January 25th, 2023
Pharmacoeconomics and over-the-counter medications
Welcome to Week 2 of Pharmacology
Nutritional and cost considerations are part of the plan of care when making a rational drug selection. Nutrition plays a role on drug pharmacokinetics, and understanding payer systems helps select cost-effective drug treatments.
Self-treatment is also a consideration, as many are taking over-the-counter medications or herbal supplements. The key is a holistic approach in understanding prescribing within a complex system.
Drug-drug interactions and prescribing errors can occur at the most basic level. Therefore, having foundational knowledge of nutrition, pharmacoeconomics, herbal and complementary therapies, information technology and pharmacotherapeutics, and over-the-counter medications is essential
Unit Learning Objectives
- Examine the principles of pathophysiology and therapeutics that direct the pharmacotherapeutic interventions involving of nutrition, Information technologies, herbal therapies and cannabis, Pharmacoeconomics and over the counter medications (CLo 1,2)
- Manage clients who require pharmacotherapeutic interventions by establishing a foundation of facts and an attitude of inquiry to promote effective and safe prescribing (CLO 1, 2, 4)
- Integrate resources that can be utilized to monitor pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacotherapeutic interaction to maximize client results and to reduce adverse effects or reactions (CLO 1,2, 3, 5) Nutrition, Information technologies, herbal therapies and cannabis, pharmacoeconomics and over the counter medications
- Develop an educational plan that will inform patients about health and drug risks including ethnic and cultural considerations Hypothesize legal and ethical issues in prescribing (CLO CLO 1, 3)
- Appraise nutrition, pharmacoeconomics, herbal and complementary therapies, information technology and pharmacotherapeutics, and over-the-counter medications issues (CLO 1, 2, 3)
- Examine the significance of interprofessional collaboration on patient outcomes (CLO 5)
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Learning Materials
Textbook- Woo, T. M., & Robinson, M. V. (2020). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (5th ed.). F. A. Davis.
- Chapter 6: An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics
- Chapter 7: Nutrition and Nutraceuticals
- Chapter 8: Herbal Therapies and Cannabis
- Chapter 9: Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics
- Chapter 10: Pharmacoeconomics”
Textbook PowerPoint(s)- Woo, T. M., & Robinson, M. V. (2020). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (5th ed.). F. A. Davis.
- Chapter 6: An Introduction to Pharmacogenomics
- Chapter 7: Nutrition and Nutraceuticals
- Chapter 8: Herbal Therapies and Cannabis
- Chapter 9: Information Technology and Pharmacotherapeutics
- Chapter 10: Pharmacoeconomics
Faculty Lecture:- Dunlap, J. (2020). NUR 7560 Chapter 6 – Pharmacogenomics.ppsx
- Dunlap, J. (2020). NUR 7560 Chapter 6 – Pharmacogenetics – NonRecorded.pptx
Unit 2 Optional Learning Resources:MediaPharmacogenomics:- Medicocurio. (2020, April 1). Pharmacogenomics: Genes and medicine [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXmrUhSSSlo Canabis/Marijuana
- Paramedic Resource. (2018, May 22). Marijuana pharmacology [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rjJ6dljNJb8
- Pharmacology & Toxicology University of Toronto. (2018, July 30). Cannabis pharmacology [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6MXP1ROL54
Pharmacoeconomics:- Ali, N. (2019, May 27). Pharmacoeconomics & cost effectiveness analysis for pharmacy graduates, medicine and pharmacologist [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4KIwtmsWyU
- RS TU. (2017, May 3). Pharmacoeconomics [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlxMLG5xs9w
Websites:- American Botanical Council. (2021). The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. https://www.herbalgram.org/resources/abc-clinical-guide/
- Drugs.com. (2021). For Healthcare Professionals. https://www.drugs.com/professionals.html
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2017a). Orange book: Approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluation. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ob/default.cfm
Note: Navigate this website for current lists of generic medications.
- Woo, T. M., & Robinson, M. V. (2020). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (5th ed.). F. A. Davis.
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Faculty Lecture: Chapter 6 – Pharmacogenomics
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Unit 1 & Unit 2: Discussion
To participate in your Unit 1 and 2 combined discussions, click the above link to navigate to the discussion board. Then click “Create Thread” and follow the instructions.Refer to topic/directions in Unit 1 -
Unit 2: CDC Module #1 Opioid Training
To prepare you for your future practice and management of patient pain, it is important to understand the significance of prescribing opioids. This assignment is intended to allow you to show evidence of achieving the following Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):- CLO 1: Apply critical thinking and best scientific evidence to the management and evaluation of expected effects, potential adverse effects, and potential interactions of pharmacological agents for the treatment of self-limiting acute conditions and chronic diseases across the lifespan (MSN PLO 7) (ILO 1,5) (MSN Essential I)
- CLO 2: Analyze the pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetic impact of pharmacologic therapies in the treatment of diseases and altered states. (MSN PLO 1,7) (ILO 1,5) (MSN Essential I)
- CLO 3: Formulate therapeutic regimens for patients, including patients with altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics special populations, such as infants and children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults with using cultural competence. (MSN PLO 7) (ILO 1) (MSN Essential VIII)
- CLO 4: Evaluate the impact of pharmacogenomics, access, cost, quality, and safety on prescribing. (MSN PLO 5) (ILO 1) (MSN Essential III)
You must sign in to the account created in unit 1 at the CDC Training and Continueing Education Online to receive the Continuing Education CertificateTo further assist in your learning, complete the following CDC Module #1: Addressing the opioid Epidemic: Recommendations from the CDC (https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/providers/training/overview.html)It may be helpful to also download a copy of the: CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain – United States, 2016Link: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htmYou will have the opportunity at the end of the module to obtain Continuing Education Credit. Please submit this certificate to the assignment link as proof of completion of the module and obtain credit for the assignment. Nutrition, Information technologies, herbal therapies and cannabis, pharmacoeconomics and over the counter medicationsSubmit Completion Certificate/CE to Assignment link Due Date: Sunday of Week 2 -
Unit Conclusion
As we wrap up week two of Advanced Pharmacology, you have learned the impact of cost considerations as part of the plan of care when making rational drug selection.Understanding payer systems helps select cost effective drug treatments. Drug-drug interactions and prescribing error can occur at the most basic level. Therefore, having foundational knowledge that you have developed over these first two weeks is important as we consider the bigger picture involved in prescribing holistically.In week three, we enter systems content and round off our foundation with special populations.
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