Posted: December 15th, 2016

Which of the following statements is true about risks in child research?

Question

QUESTION 1

1. In a study examining the effects of child care on children s social development, Dr. Morgan predicts that children enrolled in child care will be more cooperative than children who are cared for at home. Dr. Morgan s prediction is an example of a

structured observation.

speculation.

theory.

hypothesis.

5 points

QUESTION 2

1. A strength of __________ is that it reflects participants everyday behavior.

the case study method

structured observation

the neurobiological method

naturalistic observation

5 points

QUESTION 3

1. One limitation of a structured interview is that

the research cannot control the conditions under which the interview is given.

it does not yield the same depth of information as a clinical interview.

its flexible procedure makes comparing individuals responses difficult.

it is an inefficient method of data collection.

5 points

QUESTION 4

1. Professor Morris and his graduate students observe preschoolers in child-care centers and records each instance of crying, noting the reactions of nearby children. This is an example of __________ observation.

ethnographic

structured

neurobiological

naturalistic

5 points

QUESTION 5

1. In his research, Dr. Ball observes children for a 30-minute period and checks off behaviors occurring during 120 fifteen-second intervals. This is an example of

time sampling.

naturalistic observation.

systematic observation.

event sampling.

5 points

QUESTION 6

1. For children under age 7 or 8, __________ is/are generally limited to the first session or two.

practice effects

cohort effects

observer bias

observer influence

5 points

QUESTION 7

1. In a(n) __________, a thin, flexible optical fiber is attached to the scalp and infrared (invisible) light is beamed at the brain.

NIRS

fMRI

PET

EEG

5 points

QUESTION 8

1. In human research, diabetic mothers bear children who, at school age, tend to score lower than their agemates on __________ tests.

intelligence

endurance

self-esteem

motor development

5 points

QUESTION 9

1. Which of the following children of immigrant parents is the most likely to show high academic achievement and good emotional adjustment?

Maria, the daughter of Central American immigrants

Jade, the daughter of Mexican immigrants

Nguyen, the son of Vietnamese immigrants

Kataro, the son of Japanese immigrants

5 points

QUESTION 10

1. In observational research, multiple observers are asked to evaluate the same behaviors in order to strengthen

inter-rater reliability.

test retest reliability.

external validity.

internal validity.

5 points

QUESTION 11

1. Dr. Uley s neurobiological data can be strengthened by comparing children s responses to the same measures on separate occasions. This is an example of

test retest reliability.

inter-rater reliability.

internal validity.

external validity.

5 points

QUESTION 12

1. Which of the following statements is true regarding correlation coefficients?

The closer the value is to zero, the stronger the relationship between variables.

The magnitude of the number indicates the direction of the relationship.

A value of +.78 indicates a stronger correlation than a value of .78.

A value of 1.00 indicates a strong relationship between variables.

5 points

QUESTION 13

1. A(n) __________ design permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions,

longitudinal

cross-sectional

experimental

correlational

5 points

QUESTION 14

1. To protect against __________, researchers use __________ of participants to treatment conditions.

cohort effects; matching

confounding variables; random assignment

practice effects; random assignment

observer influence; matching

5 points

QUESTION 15

1. In __________, researchers capitalize on opportunities to randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings.

field experiments

a correlational design

laboratory experiments

ethnological studies

5 points

QUESTION 16

1. Researchers at Leche University compared the childhood IQ scores of bottle-fed versus breastfed infants. Parental income and education, family size, and birth weight were matched. This is an example of

a field experiment.

the clinical method.

a natural experiment.

biased sampling.

5 points

QUESTION 17

1. The widely publicized Mozart effect came from a study which reported

intellectual gains of school-age children listening to classical music before taking tests.

cognitive gains of infants listening to a government-provided Mozart CD.

higher IQ scores of adolescents who participated in weekly music lessons for five or more years.

higher spatial relations reasoning scores of college students listening to Mozart just before taking a test.

5 points

QUESTION 18

1. One advantage of longitudinal research is that it

reveals cohort effects.

permits study of common patterns and individual differences in development.

avoids problems of selective attrition and practice effects.

offers insight into how change occurs.

5 points

QUESTION 19

1. Mr. Goodman willingly participates in mental health research because he has a personal desire for mental health services provided by the investigators. This poses what problem for investigators?

practice effects

selective attrition

biased sampling

cohort effects

5 points

QUESTION 20

1. The most widely discussed threat to the validity of longitudinal findings is

biased sampling.

selective attrition.

the cohort effect.

the practice effect.

5 points

QUESTION 21

1. To determine if cohort effects are having an impact on his research, Dr. Santiago should use the __________ research design.

microgenetic

cross-sectional

longitudinal

sequential

5 points

QUESTION 22

1. The __________ design presents children with a novel task and follows their mastery over a series of closely spaced sessions.

longitudinal

sequential

cross-sectional

microgenetic

5 points

QUESTION 23

1. One limitation of the microgenetic design is that it

cannot be used to trace the mastery of new skills.

does not offer insight on how change occurs.

requires intensive study of participants moment-by-moment behaviors.

is not especially useful for studying cognitive development.

5 points

QUESTION 24

1. Research focusing on __________ typically receives the most scrutiny.

college students

young children