Posted: October 3rd, 2016

Calculate the relative risk for benign thyroid tumors. Using your own words, interpret the relative risk

17. Of 3,000 persons who had received radiation treatment in childhood because of an enlarged thymus, cancer of the thyroid developed in 40 and a benign thyroid tumor developed in 80. A comparison group consisted of 5,000 children who had received no such treatment (brothers and sisters of the children who had received radiation treatment). During the follow-up period, none of the comparison group developed thyroid cancer, but benign thyroid tumors developed in 10.

Calculate the relative risk for benign thyroid tumors. Using your own words, interpret the relative risk. [ONE POINT]

18. The extent to which a specific health care treatment, service, procedure, program, or other intervention does what it is intended to do when used in a community-dwelling population is termed its: [ONE POINT]
a. Efficacy
b. Effect modification
c. Efficiency
d. Effectiveness
e. None of the above
19. The best index (indices) for concluding that an early detection program for breast cancer truly improves the natural history of disease, 10 years after its initiation, would be: [ONE POINT]

a. A smaller proportionate mortality for breast cancer 10 years after initiation of the early detection program compared to the proportionate mortality prior to its initiation
b. A decrease in incidence of breast cancer
c. A decrease in the prevalence of breast cancer
d. Improved long-term survival rates for breast cancer patients (adjusted for lead time)
e. None of the above