Posted: January 21st, 2023
BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References
All students are expected to master the following citations and references once they are practicing at the Academic Writing Expectations (AWE) Level 4000. Examples are provided in this document. Please use document as your guide in all of your BSN program courses. Consider printing it out and placing near your computer work area. Practice makes perfect! BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References
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*Note: Students are responsible to learn other types of citations and references in preparation for the AWE Capstone Level.
APA Citation Examples
Here is the hyperlink to the Writing Center’s citation area:
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/intextparenthetical |
APA Reference Examples
Here is the link to the Writing Center’s reference area
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references |
In the Sentence: According to Leplante and Nolin (2014), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work.
Parenthetically: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante & Nolin, 2014).
For quotations of a source, the page or paragraph numbers also is included parenthetically:
Quote: Leplante and Nolin (20114) described burnout as “a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress” (p. 2).
As you can see, the information APA requires for citations helps direct the reader to that particular source in the reference list.
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Journal Article; One Author; DOI
Laplante, J. P., & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27, 231–248. doi:10.1080/08941920.2013.861554
Journal Article, Two Authors; URL
Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (2007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal, 77(6), 66–71. Retrieved from http://www.cpajournal.com/
Journal Article, Five Authors; URL
Rasmussen, Hopkins, & Fitzpatrick (2004). Systematic review. CPU Journal, 6 (9), 44-51. Retrieved from http/www.cpujournal.com/ |
Using et al.
With three, four, and five authors, you will cite all of the authors at first mention. Each subsequent mention you will abbreviate to just the first surname followed by et al. For example, the first time Rasmussen, Hopkins, and Fitzpatrick (2004) is used, the source is cited like this: In research-based development planning, decision-making is based on careful, systematic examination of goals, data, and results (Rasmussen, Hopkins, & Fitzpatrick, 2004). The second time Rasmussen, Hopkins, and Fitzpatrick (2004) is used, the source is cited like this: Rasmussen et al. (2004) emphasized the vital role research plays in development planning, saying that thoughtful examination of data and evidence should be present.
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Journal Article, Seven Authors; DOI
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204. doi:10.1080/08941920.2013.861554
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With six or more authors, you will only cite the first author followed by et al. the first time
and every time. For example, each time Kernis et al.(1993) is used, the source is cited like this or like the following:
Communities of practice have been used to support the reflective practice of teacher education planning committees (Kernis et al., 2007).
Remember that there will not be a comma between the surname and et al., and the period goes only after the al. The English translation of et al. is simply and others.
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Journal Article, Seven Authors; DOI
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204. doi:10.1080/08941920.2013.861554
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In the book by Weinstein (2010), social change is described as empowering people to change the world; or, Social change is described as empowering people to change the world (Weinstein, 2010). BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References
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Book; One Author
Weinstein, J. A. (2010). Social change (3rd ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield |
When citing a chapter in a book, cite the appropriate author and year as usual (Christensen, 2001).
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Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
Christensen, L. (2001). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools. |
First In-text Citation:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2010) encourages increased physical activity in the community. OR
Subsequent In-text Citations: The CDC (2010) states that physical activity needs to be increased in the community. OR |
Professional Organization Article
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Nutrition. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/
Professional Organization Webpage Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). The CDC guide to strategies to increase physical activity in the community. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/PA_2011_WEB.pdf |
First In-text Citation:
The American Nurses Association (ANA, 2010) encourages that nurses follow scope and standards of practice. OR
Subsequent In-text Citations: The ANA (2010) encourages that nurses follow scope and standards of practice. OR |
Professional Organization Book
BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References. American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Author.
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First In-text Citation:
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 1990) urges nurses to be trained in mental health services. OR
Subsequent In-text Citations: The NIMH (2010) urges nurses to be trained in mental health services. OR |
Government Article from Web Page
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author,
cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. If there is not an author, cite the title of the lecture. (“Health Effects of Exposure to Forest Fires,” 2005).
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Lecture Notes
Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2005). Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu. BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References
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P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
OR Issues and Trends is a wonderful course (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001). |
Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
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If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style.
Laureate Education (2009) explained… OR The Nursing School at Walden has much to offer students (Laureate Education, BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References2009)
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Video/DVD
Laureate Education (Producer). (2009). Title of program here [DVD]. In Title of video here. Baltimore, MD: Author.
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Important (1990) stated that Walden University provides quality on-line education. OR
Walden University provides quality on-line education (Important, 1990). |
Television (Audio)
Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour Television broadcast]. New York, NY: Central Broadcasting Service. |
USW1_NURS_3100_BSNProgramTOPCitations
BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References
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